A positive or a negative confounding variable? A simple teaching aid for clinicians and students.

نویسندگان

  • Abla Mehio-Sibai
  • Manning Feinleib
  • Tarek A Sibai
  • Haroutune K Armenian
چکیده

Anticipating the direction of a confounding variable can be problematic especially to introductory students. Using elementary rules of mathematics, we describe below a simple instructional tool for deriving the direction of confounding bias. The tool is illustrated with examples and a heuristic mathematical justification is also described.

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عنوان ژورنال:
  • Annals of epidemiology

دوره 15 6  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2005